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>:> means greater than -example 2 > 1 < means less than - example 1 < 2 ≤ means less than or equal to. ≥ means greater than or equal to. | |
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λ:Lambda, a letter from the Greek alpahbet. In automotive engineering, it is used to represent the stoichiometric ratio of the amount of air required to burn a fuel. For example, for diesel, the value is approximately 14.5:1, meaning that it takes 14.5 parts of air to burn 1 part of diesel. The stoichiometric ratio for petrol is approximately 14.7:1. |
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1104D:
This engine has full electronic control of the fuel system - common rail with electronic injectors. As of April, 2012, we operate 3 of these engines. |
1106C:
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12V Electrical Training Board:
In order to facilitate this exercise, we use 12V electrical training boards. These are boards of steel construction, with a working tray and a base that can accommodate a 12V battery. This set up allows apprentices to construct the various circuits, and connect the board to an engine fitted with an alternator. This set up allows each apprentice to wire up all the basic electrical circuits and components found in a typical plant vehicle. | |
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12V Test Lamp:
During the induction phase of the course, you will be issued (at your own expense) with a 12V test lamp. |
18650:The number '18650' describes a battery, similar in size to an AA battery. An 18650 is a lithium ion rechargeable battery. The correct name is “18650 cell”. The 18650 cell has voltage of 3.7v and a capacity of between 1800mAh and 3500mAh. The cell name is based on its dimensions: the cell is 18mm in diameter and 65mm in length. For comparison purposes, an AA cell is a 14500 cell - 14mm in diameter and 50mm in length |
1N4001 Diode:
During the Phase 2 course, we use these diodes to make half-wave rectifiers, full-wave rectifiers, and to suppress voltage spiking on 30 amp relays in circuits such as the time-delay circuit built as part of the Electrical Module. | |
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27610294:![]() | |
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3 effects of electricity:3 Effects of electricity:
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30:DIN numerical wiring code:
Other codes you will come across on Phase 2 training include:
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3218A016:![]() | |
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50 Hertz:Also written as 50 Hz or 50Hz. This is the frequency at which mains electricity in Ireland is delivered at. We know that in an AC circuit, rather than flow constantly in one direction, the electrons move rapidly back and forth. The rate at which these electrons move back and forth is referred to as the frequency of the supply. In Ireland, the mains AC supply has a frequency of 50 Hz. In other words, the electrons in our homes move back and forth in the wires 50 times every second when a circuit is closed. |
555 Chip:
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A4 Lever Arch Folder:
It is important to get into the habit of writing up your notes on a regular basis. To that end, you are supplied with a spiral notebook and black and red pens. During induction, you will also purchase a geometry set and a pack of markers. |
A4 Refill Pad:
In order to help you do this, you will be issued, free of charge, a spiral notebook and an A4 refill pad. As you fill these pads and notebooks, you will be given new replacement items, also free of charge. | |
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AAE:Advanced Automotive Engineer. This is a qualification awarded by the Institute of the Motor Industry. |
ABS:Anti blockier system, or anti-lock braking system, an electronically controlled system that senses the relative speeds of road wheels in order to determine whether braking wheels have locked up and began to skid. If they have, the system overrides the braking effort supplied by the driver, and frees the brakes until the wheel begins to turn again (stop skidding). The system is informed by speed sensors at the wheels. These same sensors can be used to feed into a traction control system. | |
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Acceleration:Acceleration is simply a change in speed. Acceleration can be positive - an object speeds up, or it can be negative - an object slows down. The kind of acceleration we all experience every day is the acceleration produced by gravity - 9.81m/s2, referred to as 'g' in engineering calculations. For example, in order to calculate the weight of an object, we multiply its mass by the acceleration produced by gravity: W=m.g
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Acid-Proof Apron:![]() You will also be issued with acid-proof gloves to protect your hands against acid. You should wear the gloves, apron and your safety goggles whenever you work with lead-acid batteries. | |
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Acid-Proof Gloves:
You will also be issued with an acid-proof apron to protect against acid spillages. You should wear the gloves, apron and your safety goggles whenever you work with lead-acid batteries. | |
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Acitve Diagnostic Code: | |
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Ackermann Angle:Imaginary lines drawn through the king pin and the track control rod end on each side of a vehicle will intersect at a point just in front of the rear axle of that vehicle. The angle they make with each other is known as the Ackermann angle. The purpose of the angle is to allow the front wheels to turn through different angles when cornering. This is because the inside wheel always needs to turn through a bigger angle in order to get around the corner without scrubbing. |
Acronym:Word formed by using the first letter of other words, for example: RAM-Random Access Memory |
Active Sensor:
Here, we can see the example of a pressure sensor. There are 3 terminals. We know this is an active sensor because it has these 3 terminals. |
Activity Sheet:In certain course modules, such as the small plant module, there are activity sheets for you to download. Once you do this, you should work your way through the sheet, carrying out all the activities listed, and researching answers to all the qeustions asked by searching this website, your own course notes and the world wide web. The small plant module covers a large range of machinery, so it can be very difficult to cover everything. Acitvity sheets will guide you to study all matters related to health and safety, theory and practical work. If you do all activity sheets, you will not come across anything in the practical or theory exams that you have not already researched as you worked your way through the activity sheets. | |
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Acupuncture Probe:
It is very easy to cause damage to wires, their insulation and to connector blocks when trying to diagnose electrical problems. You must make good metal to metal contact with electrical circuits to analyse them, but it is essential you do not cause any damage when doing so. An acupuncture probe is smooth and pointed, allowing you to slide the probe into connector blocks without causing damage. The probe then connects to your voltmeter or oscilloscope by way of the standard 4mm connector. | |
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Adaptive Control: |
Adaptive Trim: |
Add a comment: |
Additional Content:It is sometimes posted on the site in order to help apprentices who may wish to find out a little more about certain topics or equipment that is covered during Phase 2.
Additional content will not appear in any Phase 2 examinations.
You need only view additional content if you want to broaden or deepen your knowledge about specific topics or pieces of equipment.
Example of Additional ContentDuring the Electrical Module, there is a learning unit called 'Lighting Circuits'. During this unit, you will build various wiring circuits. One such circuit is an indicator (turn signal) circuit.
This type of circuit originally used what was known as a 'hot-wire' flasher unit. Nowadays, these older type flasher units have been replaced by electronic version.
If you would like to learn more about these more modern units, there is a page of additional information with an overview, links to data sheets and a video of the operation of a typical electronic flasher unit: | |
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Address Bar:![]() |
Aerial Platform Hire Ltd:From the Aerial Platform Hire website: Aerial Platform Hire is Ireland's leading work platform rental company. Founded in 1980 we offer for hire self propelled boom and scissor lifts manufactured mainly by JLG industries, the worlds largest manufacturer of powered access equipment. We also offer Telescopic Handlers from JLG and Manitou Buggiscopics. Hire is available from strategically located depots in Clane, Co. Kildare and Mallow, Co. Cork. We deliver machines throughout Ireland from both of these depots. |
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AG Block:A UK based engineering company established for over 45 years specialising in the manufacture of vocational automotive related training products. |
AGM Battery:Absorbed Glass Matte (AGM) Batteries AGM Batteries are lead acid batteries. They use a separator consisting of fiberglass between the plates to hold the electrolyte in its place with capillary action. In other words, the electrolyte is not in free-flowing liquid form, it is held in these absorbent mats. This is a safer arrangement, as it makes the battery "spill proof" - an important feature in the event of an accident or the vehicle over-turning. This type of battery also has a lower internal resistance. This increases the output voltage, and decreases charging time, AGM batteries are also often referred to as 'maintenance-free'. All battery charging over a certain voltage causes significant gassing. In flooded lead-acid batteries, these gasses are vented to the atmosphere. This results in a loss of electrolyte, which must be replenished during routine maintenance. AGM batteries recombine these gases produced internally, back into the electrolyte, thus eliminating the need for topping up the electrolyte level during routine maintenance, hence the term 'maintenance-free'. These batteries are often VRLA, meaning that, should excess gas pressure build up during charging/discharging, these gasses are vented to the atmosphere. | |
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Air: |
Air fuel ratio:This is the number of parts of air mixed with 1 part of fuel in an engine. There is an ideal, or optimum or stoichiometric ratio, which is 14.7 parts of air to one part of petrol, or 14.5 parts of air to one part of diesel. An air fuel mixture with more air is said to be a 'lean' mixture, and a mixture with less air is said to be a 'rich' mixture. |